具太陽能源及風力永磁同步發電機之直流微電網

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研究生：	林柏辰 Lin, Bo-Chen
論文名稱：	具太陽能源及風力永磁同步發電機之直流微電網 ON A DC MICRO-GRID WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCE AND WIND DRIVEN PERMANENT- MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
指導教授：	廖聰明 Liaw, Chang-Ming
口試委員:	廖聰明謝欣然王醴
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	194
中文關鍵詞：	直流微電網、光伏電池、永磁同步發電機、介面轉換器、交錯式、切換式整流器、鋰離子電池、超級電容、飛輪、變頻器、單相三線式、最大功率追蹤、功因校正、電壓控制、電流控制、數位控制
外文關鍵詞：	DC microgrid, photovoltaic cell, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, interface converter, interleaving, switch-mode rectifier, Li-ion battery, supercapacitor, flywheel, inverter, single-phase three-wire, MPPT, power factor correction, voltage control, current control, digital control
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本論文開發一具光伏電池與風力永磁同步發電機之直流微電網及從事其操作控制，其配有單相三線60Hz 220V/110V變頻器以從事操控性能測試。以所提強健控制使該雙向變頻器具有良好之交流輸出電壓波形，以及切換式整流器交流入電線電流波形。
光伏電池經由交錯式升壓直流/直流轉換器介接至直流微電網之共通直流鏈，由於交錯式策略使轉換器固有較小之脈寬調變漣波及擴大之額定。另外，運用最大功率點追蹤法，以較有效地萃取光能。至於風力永磁同步發電機，其經由適當設計的維也納三相切換式整流器連接到共通直流鏈，僅使用三個功率開關即可得正弦電樞繞組電流。同時從事一些實測評估，探究換相移位對永磁同步發電機之發電效能影響。
所建微電網之儲能系統包含鋰離子電池、超級電容及飛輪，每一儲能裝置均經一單臂雙向直流直流轉換器接至共通直流鏈，透過適當之電力電路及控制器設計，獲得良好之充放電性能。根據各裝置之響應特性及容量，由妥善之分配操控可提升微電網之電力品質。當發生長期之再生能源短缺時，可將所建雙向單相三線變頻器操作成一插入式充電器，對這些儲能裝置充電，同時具有良好入電電力品質。
維也納切換式整流器採用特定之功率模組，其餘三種儲能裝置之介面轉換器及單相三線變頻器係使用兩個三相智慧型功率模組構成。所有組成電力電路之數位控制法則均使用數位訊號處理器實現，並以一些實驗結果驗證所建系統之操控性能。

This thesis presents the development and operation control of a DC microgrid with photovoltaic (PV) cell and wind permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). A single-phase three-wire (1P3W) 60Hz 220V/110V load inverter is equipped for making its operation performance test. The robust controls for the developed bidirectional 1P3W inverter are proposed to yield good AC output voltage waveforms and good line drawn current in switch mode rectifier (SMR) operation mode.
The PV source is interfaced to the common DC bus of microgrid via two interleaving boost DC/DC converters. Smaller PWM ripples and rating enlargement of the established converter are preserved thanks to the interleaving approach. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is also applied to extract the solar energy as effective as possible. As to the wind PMSG, it is connected to the common DC bus through a properly designed Vienna three-phase SMR. Sinusoidal armature winding currents are obtained using only three power switches. The effects of commutation shift on the generating performance of an SPMSM are also studied experimentally.
The developed microgrid is supported by an energy storage system including a Li-ion battery, a supercapacitor and a flywheel. Each storage device is interfaced to the common DC bus by an one-leg bidirectional DC-DC converter. Good charging and discharging characteristics of each device are achieved through proper schematic and controller designs. And the effective use of energy storage to improve the microgrid power quality can be obtained by properly dispatching these storage devices according to their response characteristics and capacities. Moreover, the charges of these devices can be made via the plug-in a charger formed by the 1P3W inverter from mains for the occurrence of long-term renewable energy exhaustion.
While the Vienna SMR is implemented employing a specific power module, all other constituted interface converters of PV source, energy storage devices and 1P3W inverter are constructed using two three-phase intelligent power modules. The digital control algorithms of all power stages are realized using digital signal processor (DSP). Some experimental results are provided to demonstrate their performances.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................i
ABSTRACT...............................................ii
LIST OF CONTENTS......................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................vii
LIST OF TABLES......................................xviii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..................................1
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-GRID, PERMANENT- MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR AND INTERFACTING POWER CONVERTERS.6
1    Introduction....................................6
2    Typical Micro-Grid Systems......................6
3    Distributed and Renewable Sources...............9
4    Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators........12
4.1 Governing Equations......................12
4.2 Estimation of Equivalent Circuit Parameters          .........................................18
5    Source Interface Power Converters for Wind Generators.............................................22
6    Energy Storage Devices.........................24
7    Some Interfacing DC-DC Converters of Micro-Gird System    ...............................................25
8    Inverters for Micro-Grid System................27
9    PWM Inverters..................................27
9.1 Single-Phase Sinusoidal PWM Inverters....27
9.2 Three-Phase SPWM Inverters...............29
10    Switch-Mode Rectifiers.........................31
11    System Configuration of The Developed Micro-Grid    ...............................................32
CHAPTER 3 A WIND PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WITH VIENNA SWITCH-MODE RECTIFIER AS INTERFACE CONVERTER    ...............................................35
1    Introduction...................................35
2    Basics of Digital Control......................36
3    The Established Wind Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator..............................................38
4    Vienna Switch-Mode Rectifier...................40
4.1 Design of Circuit Components.............44
4.2 Control Scheme...........................52
4.3 Simulated Results........................53
4.4 Measured Results of the Established Vienna
              SMR......................................58
5    Experimental Evaluation of the Established Wind PMSG under Varying Driving Speeds, Loads and Commutation Shift   ...............................................62
CHAPTER 4    ESTABLISHMENT OF DC/DC INTERFACE CONVERTER FOR PV CELL............................................75
1    Introduction...................................75
2    PV System Operation Principles.................75
2.1 PV Materials.............................75
2.2 PV Array Equivalent Circuit Model........76
2.3 Characteristics of PV Panels in Series and
              Parallel Connections.....................80
2.4 Measured Characteristic Curves of PV Simulator          .........................................85
2.5 Maximum Power Point Tracking.............86
3    Some Existing DC-DC Converters.................86
4    Development of Interleaving DC-DC Boost Converter    ...............................................92
4.1 Power Circuit............................95
4.2 Control Scheme...........................98
5    Performance Evaluation for the Established 
        Interleaving DC/DC Boost Converter.............99
5.1 Simulated Results........................99
5.2 Measured Results........................102
CHAPTER 5 ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM.......................105
1    Introduction..................................105
2    Some Energy Storage Devices...................106
2.1 Li-ion Battery..........................106
2.2 Super-capacitor.........................107
2.3 Hybrid Storage System Consisting of Battery 
              and Supercapacitor......................108
2.4 Flywheel................................111
3    The Established Energy Storage System.........111
3.1 Specifications of Energy Storage Devices        ..............................................111
3.2 Power Circuit...........................113
3.3 Control Schemes.........................118
4    Experimental Results..........................120
4.1 Charging Mode Operations of Battery and 
              Supercapacitor Banks....................120
4.2 Discharging Mode of Battery Bank........123
4.3 Discharging Mode of PMSM-driven Flywheel        ..............................................125
CHAPTER 6 SINGLE-PHASE THREE-WIRE BIDIRECTIONAL LOAD INVERTER..............................................129
1    Introduction..................................129
2    Some Possible Single-Phase Three-Wire Inverters        ..............................................129
3    The Developed Single-Phase Three-Wire Bidirectional Load Inverter.........................................131
3.1 System Configuration....................131
3.2 Control Schemes.........................135
4    Simulated and Experimental and Results........137
4.1 Simulated Results.......................139
4.2 Measured Results........................146
CHAPTER 7 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR WHOLE DC MICRO- GRID SYSTEM................................................153
1    Introduction..................................153
2    System Configuration of the Established DC Micro-Grid System...........................................153
3    Experimental Evaluation of the Whole Micro-Grid        ..............................................161
4    Interconnected Operations of the Developed Micro-grid to Other Micro-grid and Energy Systems...........172
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS.................................186
REFERENCES............................................188

                                

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