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研究生: 陳鴻震
Hung-Jhen Chen
論文名稱: 改善吹氣捕捉系統搭配離子層析儀量測高鹽度樣品中的銨離子
Improvement of Purge-and-Trap Ion Chromatography on the Determination of Ammonium Ion in High-Salinity Samples
指導教授: 吳劍侯
Chien-Hou Wu
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 原子科學院 - 生醫工程與環境科學系
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 55
中文關鍵詞: 銨離子亨利常數吹氣捕捉
外文關鍵詞: Ammonium ion, P&T system, efficiency, two film theory
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  • 離子層析法是目前相當廣泛被用來量測銨離子的一種分析方法,但是要利用此方法來量測在高濃度鈉離子干擾之下微量的銨離子並不容易。使用一套簡單的吹氣捕捉前處理系統,並利用銨離子 (NH4+) 與氨(NH3)在水中的分佈隨著pH值變化的性質,將銨離子從複雜基質中分離,再以離子層析儀 (Ion Chromatography, IC) 進行銨離子定量分析。本論文主要目的為改善銨離子分離前處理系統穩定性與提升系統吹除效率。為了進一步了解氨在此吹氣捕捉系統中的傳輸行為,以兩層膜理論為基礎提出一適合此前處理系統的理論模型。此外,藉由改變前處理系統的實驗參數並利用所建立之理論模型,可求得銨離子在此系統中之亨利常數。影響前處理系統吹除效率主要因素有:吹除瓶中液面的高低、N2吹除氣體的流速、吹除的時間、加入的氫氧化鈉溶液濃度與控制整個吹除系統的溫度。此改良後之前處理系統不但可以準確地定量銨離子,還可藉由改變不同體積之吸附液來達到樣品前濃縮,提升訊號強度及保護分析管柱等優點。


    Ion chromatography (IC) is widely used for the quantification of ammonium ion at the mg/L level. However, it is extremely difficult to analyze samples of very dissimilar concentration ratios of Na+/NH4+, such as seawater. P&T system utilized the characteristics of ammonium ion under alkaline environment can further convert ammonium to ammonia and prevent from the interference of high concentration of salt.

    In this study, we improve the stability and efficiency of the P&T system. To better understand the kinetic of ammonia in the P&T system, a theoretical model is developed based on the mass balance and two film theory. System parameters, including the height of liquid in the purging bottle, temperature, N2 flow rate, purge time, concentration of sodium hydroxide were discussed. To increase the system stability by reducing the temperature variation, concentrated NaOH solution was used instead of solid particle of NaOH. The system efficiency was enhanced by increasing the height of purge tube.

    中文摘要.....................................................................................................................I 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………….II 誌謝………………………………………………………………………………….III 目錄………………………………………………………………………………….IV 圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………….VI 表目錄…………………………………………………………….………………..VIII 第一章 前言………………...………………………………………………………..1 1-1 簡介………………………………………………………………………………1 1-2 研究目的.................................................................................................................1 第二章 文獻回顧..........................................................................................................3 2-1 分析方法………………………….………………………………………………3 2-1-1 氨的基本物理化學特性…..…………………...………………………..3 2-1-2 氨的分析方法…………...........................................................................5 2-1-3 亨利定律……………………………………..………………………….9 2-1-4 吹氣捕捉系統模式探討……………………………………………….11 第三章 實驗部份……………………………………………………………………17 3-1 儀器設備…………………………………………….……………………..……17 3-1-1 離子層析儀…………………………………………………………….17 3-1-2 實驗器材……………………………………………………………….18 3-2 實驗藥品……………………………………………………….………………..19 3-2-1 分析方法與前處理系統所需之藥品…………………….……………19 3-2-2 藥品配置…………………………………………………….…………19 3-3 前處理系統………………………………………………………………...……20 3-4 前處理系統吹除效率的實驗流程…………………………………...…………22 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………………..…..23 4-1 影響吹除瓶效率之參數探討……………………………………………..……23 4-1-1 不同吹除瓶內徑的探討………………………………………..……...23 4-1-2 不同吹除管線(tubing)內徑的探討…………………………..………..27 4-1-3 氮氣吹除時間……………………………………………...…………..29 4-1-4 氫氧化鈉濃度影響……………..………………………...……………32 4-1-5 氮氣流速影響…………………………………………...……..………35 4-1-6 溫度的影響……………………………………………..….….……….37 4-3 亨利常數計算……………..…………………………………...…….………….42 4-4 捕捉瓶……….…………………..………………………...…………………….44 4-5 基質添加影響………..……………..……………………..…………………….45 4-6 濃縮率………..………………………………………………………………….47 4-7 檢量線、偵測極限、再現性………………..……………..……..…………….48 第五章 結論與展望…………..………………………………….………………….51 參考文獻……………………………….…………………………...………………..52 圖目錄 圖2-1 NH3(aq)與NH4+在水中隨著pH值的分佈關係圖…………...………………5 圖2-2 兩層膜理論所假設水相中揮發性有機物的揮發過程……………………...11 圖2-3 兩層膜理論液相與氣相間之濃度分佈平衡圖……………………………...12 圖2-4 銨離子從液相中釋放至氣相中的質量平衡模型…………………..………14 圖3-1 離子層析儀示意圖…………………………………………………..………17 圖3-2 前處理系統示意圖…………………………………………………..………20 圖3-3 探討前處理系統吹除效率的實驗流程圖……………….…………..……...22 圖4-1 在不同內徑中裝1.5ml樣品溶液圖示………………………………..…......23 圖4-2 8mm與6mm管徑的吹除瓶在氮氣吹除流速為40ml/min時,在瓶中所產生的氣泡示意圖………………………………………………………………..24 圖4-3不同氣泡滯留時間與吹除效率之間的關係……………………….………..26 圖4-4 不同吹除管線內徑與吹除效率之間的關係…………..…….…………...…27 圖4-5 探討氮氣吹除時間與檢量線的關係…………………..………….………...29 圖4-6 氮氣吹除時間與吹除效率之間的關係………………..………….………...30 圖4-7 探討吹除瓶中氫氧化鈉總濃度與檢量線的關係……...…………………...33 圖4-8 吹除瓶中氫氧化鈉總濃度與檢量線斜率之間的關係……….…..….…..…34 圖4-9 探討氮氣吹除流速與檢量線的關係………………………………………..36 圖4-10 氮氣吹除流速與吹除效率之間的關係…………………………….……...37 圖4-11 探討溫度與檢量線的關係………………………………………….……...39 圖4-12 吹除瓶溫度與吹除效率之間的關係……………………………….……...40 圖4-13 本系統中氨在不同溫度時所得到之亨利常數對1/T(K-1)做圖…….…….41 圖4-14 前處理系統濃縮率探討……………………………….…………………...47 圖4-15 檢量線的層析圖………………………..…………………………………. 49 圖4-16 不同天的檢量線比較圖…..……………………………………….……….49 表目錄 表1-1 使用顆粒狀氫氧化鈉對前處理系統穩定度測試……………………………2 表2-1 氨的基本性質…................................................................................................2 表2-2 氨在純水中的溶解度……………………………………………………...….4 表2-3 研究分析水體中銨離子濃度的不同方法比較…………….……………..….8 表3-1 離子層析儀儀器設定參數…………………………………………………..18 表4-1 在不同內徑中裝1.5ml樣品溶液之液面高度……..………..……………....23 表4-2 使用不同內徑之吹除瓶對60 ppb銨離子的吹除效率探討…………….…25 表4-3 吹除瓶中加入1.5 ml樣品溶液後的液體體積變化量與氣泡滯留時間…..25 表4-4 使用不同內徑之吹除管線對60 ppb銨離子的吹除效率探討…………….27 表4-5 文獻中溫度與亨利常數關係式……………………………………...……...38 表4-6 改變不同實驗參數時所得之亨利常數數值……………………..................43 表4-7 在內徑為5、6、16.5mm的捕捉瓶中加入0.5ml DIW後的液面高度……...44 表4-8 在探討不同內徑之捕捉瓶對捕捉效率影響..................................................44 表4-9 使用前處理系統來吹除20種胺基酸…..…………………………….…….45 表4-10 最佳實驗參數……………………………………..………………..……....48 表4-11 分析方法的偵測極限……..………………………………………..………50

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