台灣位於歐亞大陸板塊邊緣。自台灣島形成以來，便不斷有許多物種從歐亞大陸遷徙來台，形成台灣主要的生物相。
自從約五百萬年前台灣島形成以來，中央山脈便持續受到擠壓而抬升，影響台灣地形地貌甚鉅，而這當然也會影響台灣的生物相組成。長久以來，許多的研究都認為：台灣島的東西兩岸物種組成有明顯的差異，而這些差異應該就是因為中央山脈的阻隔所造成的。

本研究以粒線體DNA作為分子標誌，利用台灣產淡水魚作為材料，探討中央山脈的形成對於台灣島內物種遺傳分化的影響。並利用分子鐘的理論，定出中央山脈開始造成東西部族群隔離的時間點，並推算台灣與大陸族群分歧的年代。其中由台灣鏟頜魚的分子鐘定年結果得知，中央山脈在南北隆起的時間並不一致，北部的山脈在台灣島初形成之時，便已造成隔離；反之，南部的山脈則一直到近期才對東西部的族群造成隔離。

參照台灣其他生物之族群遺傳研究，本研究認為中央山脈影響東西兩岸物種及分子遺傳組成，是藉由以下兩種機制：

1. 當物種有兩次以上入侵的事件時，中央山脈可作為一個屏障，將東西兩岸的物種隔離。例如台灣間爬岩鰍與台東間爬岩鰍的分佈模式。

2. 中央山脈的隆起事件，為東西兩岸的物種提供隔離種化的動力。例如明潭吻蝦虎魚與大吻蝦虎魚的種化事件。

根據以上結果本研究重新定位並釐清了中央山脈在台灣生物相形成上的地位。

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Taiwan Island locates at the margin of Eurasia plate. Lots of species have dispersed from the mainland of Eurasia to Taiwan after the formation of the island. The main biota of Taiwan has formed consequently.
Central Mountain Range has kept uplifting for about 5 million years since the appearance of Taiwan Island. The uplifting of Central Mountain Range significantly affects the surface of Taiwan and certainly shapes the biota composition. Therefore, many researches have indicated that: The biota composition between the east and west Taiwan displays apparent differences, and the differences should be resulted from the isolation by Central Mountain Range.

This study chose freshwater fishes and employed mitochondrial DNA as the molecular marker to analyze the genetic divergences derived from the formation of Central Mountain Range. This study also predicted the divergence time of the populations aside of Central Mountain Range and aside of Taiwan Strait based on the molecular clock theory. The molecular clock results suggest a discrepancy of the uplifting time of north and south ridges of the Central Mountain Range. The isolation caused by the north ridge was consistent since the appearance of Taiwan. However, the isolation resulted from the south ridge still remained imperceptible recently.

Referring to previous researches of other animal population genetic structure in Taiwan, this study concluded that Central Mountain Range influences the formation of the different biota composition via these two mechanisms:

1. Central Mountain Range performs a dispersal barrier role while more than one invasion event has happened, ex. Hemimyzon formosanum and H. taitungensis model.

2. The uplifting of Central Mountain Range prevents the gene flow and derives speciation events, ex. Rhinogobius candidianus and R. gigas.

Based on these results this study redefines and clarifies the position of Central Mountain Range on the biota formation in Taiwan.

英文摘要………………………………………………………………………II

謝誌……………………………………………………………………………IV

目錄……………………………………………………………………………V

圖表目次………………………………………………………………………VI

壹､導論

一. 前言………………………………………………………………………1

二. 地理事件與種化機制……………………………………………………2

三. 粒線體DNA之特性………………………………………………………4

四. 分子時鐘模型的建立……………………………………………………5

貳､材料與方法

一. 標本採集及保存…………………………………………………………8

二. DNA萃取……………………………………………………………………8

三. PCR反應……………………………………………………………………9

四. 定序反應…………………………………………………………………10

五.資料分析…………………………………………………………………11

參､結果

一. 定序結果…………………………………………………………………13

二. 資料分析…………………………………………………………………15

肆､討論

一. 平原性魚種之分布機制…………………………………………………18

二. 溪流性魚種之分布機制…………………………………………………21

三. 台灣間爬岩鰍與台東間爬岩鰍之種化…………………………………24

四. 東亞草蜥屬之種化………………………………………………………24

五. 烏頭翁與白頭翁的種化…………………………………………………25

六. 日本絨螯蟹與台灣絨螯蟹之種化………………………………………27

七. 中央山脈在台灣島生物地理上的地位…………………………………27

伍､參考及引用文獻

一. 西文部分…………………………………………………………………29

二. 中文部分…………………………………………………………………31

陸､圖…………………………………………………………………………33

柒､表…………………………………………………………………………52

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