百葉窗型擾流器扇葉攻角與截距對正方形雙通道紊動熱流特性之影響

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	曾睿正 Tseng, Jui-Cheng
論文名稱：	百葉窗型擾流器扇葉攻角與截距對正方形雙通道紊動熱流特性之影響 Influences of Slat Attack Angle and Pitch Ratio on Turbulent Hydrothermal Characteristics in a Louvered Two-Pass Square Channel
指導教授：	劉通敏 Liou, Tong-Miin
口試委員:	吳興茂黃柏文
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 動力機械工程學系 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	138
中文關鍵詞：	百葉窗型擾流器、扇葉攻角、截距比、雙通道熱傳、質點影像測速儀、紅外線測溫儀
外文關鍵詞：	Louver-Type Turbulator, Slat Attack Angle, Pitch Ratio
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

本研究基於前人肋條 (Rib)、折流版 (Baffle)以及二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步二維百葉窗型擾流器進一步設計出一款新型的三維百葉窗型擾流器，三維百葉窗型擾流器，並使用質點影像測速儀、紅外線測溫儀、紅外線測溫儀與壓力傳感器來量測其在正方形雙通道中導引出的紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布紊流場結構、壁溫分布與壓損。其中百葉窗型擾流器扇葉攻角扇葉攻角扇葉攻角扇葉攻角 (𝛼)與截距比 (Pi/DH)的變化範圍分別為 -40°至 30°以及 1、2、3和∞。雷諾數雷諾數在量測紊流場結構時定為 10,000，而在量測壁溫分布，而在量測壁溫分布與壓損時從 5,000變化至 20,000。實驗結果發現新型百葉窗型擾流器 (Pi/DH = ∞)不僅可以擾動核心流體消除後方迴旋死區，還能，還能，還能導引出四對類似迪恩渦漩的反向渦旋，並對流道上下壁面形成較強的衝擊冷卻。相較於前人二維百葉。相較於前人二維百葉窗型擾流器的結果，其基於全展紊流圓管的基於全展紊流圓管的平均紐賽數比(𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞)提升約 12%，而摩擦係數比 (𝑓̅/𝑓∞)則降低 12%。在固定的 Pi/DH下，流道的𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞與𝑓̅/𝑓∞皆隨著 𝛼的增加先下降後上升，其最大值分別為，其最大值分別為 3.0與 24.4。當𝛼固定時，隨著，隨著 Pi/DH減小，流道 𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞與𝑓̅/𝑓∞皆單調增加，在 Pi/DH =1時，其最大值分別為，其最大值分別為 4.4與 58.9。其中 𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞與前人結果接近，而與前人結果接近，而與前人結果接近，而 𝑓̅/𝑓∞則降低了 44.1%。綜合考慮熱傳與壓損，熱傳與壓損，本研究於定泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數泵功率下的熱性能係數 (TPF)均較前人在相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果相同條件下的結果提升 2%至 26%。

This study reports an innovative design of 3-D louver-type turbulator based on previous ribs, baffles, and 2-D louver-type turbulators. The effect of the innovative turbulator on turbulent flow field, detailed temperature distribution and pressure drop in a two-pass square channel is investigated by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Infrared Thermography (IRT), and pressure transducer. Four pitch ratios (Pi/DH), including 1, 2, 3, ∞, are examined and the slat attack angle (𝛼) of the louver-type turbulator ranges from -40° to 30°. The Reynolds number (Re) for PIV and IRT measurement is fixed at 10,000 and in the range of 5,000 to 20,000, respectively. It is found that the innovative louver-type turbulators (Pi/DH=∞) not only disturb the core flow and degenerate wake zone behind the turbulator but also induce four pairs of Dean-like counter-rotating vortices which result in strong impingement on the top and bottom walls. Consequently, the averaged Nusselt number ratio (𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞) and friction factor ratio (𝑓̅/𝑓∞) in the present study are respectively 12% higher and 12% lower than those in the previous study. For fixed Pi/DH, both 𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞ and 𝑓̅/𝑓∞ descend and then ascend with increasing 𝛼 with a maximum value of 3.0 and 24.4, respectively. As Pi/DH is varied from 1 to ∞, 𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞ and 𝑓̅/𝑓∞ decreases monotonously for fixed 𝛼. In particular, their maximum values occurring at Pi/DH =1 are respectively 4.4 and 58.9. The value of 𝑁𝑢̅̅̅̅/𝑁𝑢∞ is close to that of the previous data while the value of 𝑓̅/𝑓∞ is 44.1% lower. Considering both heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop, the thermal performance factors (TPF) in the present study are 2%-26% higher than those in previous research.

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………….……1
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………...2
Nomenclature……..………………………………………………………..…………7
Chapter 1 Introduction……..…………………………………………………..11
1-1 Opening Remarks….…………………………………………………11
1-2 Literature Survey…..…………………………………………………12
1-2-1 Turbulator Type…………………………………………………12
1-2-2 Turbulator Pitch and Blockage Ratio….………………………..16
1-2-3 Turbulator Orientation…………………………………………..19
1-2-4 Experimental Technique………………………………………...24
1-3 Objectives…………………………………………………………….24
Chapter 2 Experimental Setup…………………………………………………43
2-1 Model Configuration…………………………………………………43
2-2 Experimental Apparatus…………………………………………...…44
2-2-1 Coolant Flow System…………………………………………...44
2-2-2 Flow Field Measurement.…………………………………….…45
2-2-2-1 Principle of Particle Image Velocimetry…………………..45
2-2-2-2 Illumination System………………………………….……46
2-2-2-3 Image Capture System……………………………….……46
2-2-2-4 Particle Seeding System……………………………….…..47
2-2-3 Heat Transfer Measurement………………………….…………48
2-2-3-1 Principle of Infrared Thermography……………….………48
2-2-3-2 Heating and Data Acquisition System……………….…….48
2-2-4 Pressure Loss Measurement……………….…………………….49
2-3 Test Condition and Data Processing………………………………………49
2-4 Uncertainty Analysis……………………………………………………....52
Chapter 3 Results and Discussion…..………………………………………….70
3-1 Validation of Measurement Technique…………………………….............70
3-2 Effect of Slat Attack Angle of Louvers…………………………………….70
3-2-1 Thermal Performance of Proposed Louvers…………………….70
3-2-2 Thermal Fluids Features of Louver with 𝛼=-30°……………….72
3-2-2-1 Flow Patterns in Upstream Leg………………………….…72
3-2-2-2 Flow Features in Turn Region……………………………...74
3-2-2-3 Flow Characteristics in Downstream Leg………………….76
3-2-2-4 Normalized Nusselt Number Distribution………………....77
3-2-2-5 Correlation between Flow Feature and Heat Transfer……...80
3-3 Effect of Pitch between Consecutive Louvers……………………………...82
3-3-1 Local Nusselt Number Distribution……………………………..82
3-3-2 Heat Transfer Performance of Innovative Louvers……………...84
Chapter 4 Conclusions and Future Works……………………………….…..104
4-1 Conclusions…………………………………………………...…..……...104
4-2 Future Works……………………………………………………………..104
Appendix A. Thermal Fluids Features of 2-D Louvers……..……….………..105
A-1 Configurations of 2-D Louvers………………………………………...…105
A-2 Effect of Sign of Slat Attack Angles………………………………….......105
A-2-1 Flow Features in the First Passage (Z*=-0.5)……………….….105
A-2-2 Flow Features through the Turn Region………………………..106
A-2-3 Flow Features in the Second Passage (Z*=+0.5)…………….....107
A-2-4 Heat Transfer Enhancement….……………………...…..…......108
A-2-5 Friction Factor and Thermal Performance……..………………109
A-3 Effect of Slat Attack Angle of Louvers…………………………………...110
A-3-1 Normalized Nusselt Number Distributions………………….....110
A-3-2 Evaluation of Thermal Performance against Re……………..…111
Appendix B. Orientations of the Innovative 3-D Louvers…………………….120
B-1 3-D Louver Configuration…………….…………………………….……120
B-2 Local Nusselt Number Distributions......…………………………………120
B-3 Thermal Performances of Proposed Louvers…..………………………...121
Appendix C. Rebuttal……………………………………………………………...129
References.…………………………………………………………………….…...132
                                

[1] J.C. Han, Heat Transfer and Friction in Channels with Two Opposite Rib-Roughened Walls, Journal of Heat Transfer 106(4) (1984) 774-781.
[2] T.M. Liou, J.J. Hwang, Effect of Ridge Shapes on Turbulent Heat Transfer and Friction in a Rectangular Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36(4) (1993) 931-940.
[3] T.M. Liou, W.B. Wang, Y.J. Chang, Holographic Interferometry Study of Spatially Periodic Heat Transfer in a Channel with Ribs Detached from One Wall, Journal of Heat Transfer 117(1) (1995) 32-39.
[4] T.M. Liou, S.H. Chen, Turbulent Heat and Fluid Flow in a Passage Disturbed by Detached Perforated Ribs of Different Heights, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41(12) (1998) 1795-1806.
[5] T.M. Liou, C.C. Chen, T.W. Tsai, Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Square Duct with 12 Different Shaped Vortex Generators, ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999, pp. V003T01A073-V003T01A073.
[6] G.S. Azad, M.J. Uddin, J.C. Han, H.K. Moon, B. Glezer, Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Rectangular Rotating Channel with 45 Angled Rib Turbulators, ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001, pp. V003T01A061-V003T01A061.
[7] T.M. Liou, M.Y. Chen, M.H. Tsai, Fluid Flow and heat Transfer in a Rotating Two-Pass Square Duct with In-Line 90-Deg Ribs, Journal of Turbomachinery 124(2) (2002) 260-268.
[8] T.M. Liou. C.C. Chen, Rotating Effect on Fluid Flow in a Smooth Duct with a 180-Deg Sharp Turn, ASME Turbo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000, pp. V003T01A036-V003T01A036.
[9] T.M. Liou, S.H. Chen, K.C. Shih, Numerical Simulation of turbulent Flow Field and Heat Transfer in a Two-Dimensional Channel with Periodic Slit Ribs, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45(22) (2002) 4493-4505.
[10] S. Son, K. Kihm, J.C. Han, PIV Flow Measurements for Heat Transfer Characterization in Two-Pass Square Channels with Smooth and 90 Degrees Ribbed Walls, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45(24) (2002) 4809-4822.
[11] S.V. Ekkad, J.C. Han, Detailed Heat Transfer Distributions in Two-Pass Square Channels with Rib Turbulators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 40(11) (1997) 2525-2537.
[12] T.M. Liou, M.Y. Chen, Y.M. Wang, Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow, and Pressure Measurements inside a Rotating Two-Pass Duct with Detached 90-Deg Ribs, ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002, pp. 389-400.
[13] A. Tariq, P. Panigrahi, K. Muralidhar, Flow and Heat Transfer in the Wake of a Surface-Mounted Rib with a Slit, Experiments in Fluids 37(5) (2004) 701-719.
[14] L. Wang, B. Sundén, Experimental Investigation of Local Heat Transfer in a Square Duct with Various-Shaped Ribs, Heat and Mass Transfer 43(8) (2007) 759.
[15] C. Berner, F. Durst, D. McEligot, Flow around baffles, Journal of Heat Transfer 106(4) (1984) 743-749.
[16] P. Dutta, S. Dutta, Effect of Baffle Size, Perforation, and Orientation on Internal Heat Transfer Enhancement, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41(19) (1998) 3005-3013.
[17] P. Dutta, A. Hossain, Internal Cooling Augmentation in Rectangular Channel Using Two Inclined Baffles, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 26(2) (2005) 223-232
[18] R. Karwa, B. Maheshwari, N. Karwa, Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in an Asymmetrically Heated Rectangular Duct with Perforated Baffles, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32(1) (2005) 275-284.
[19] N. Toshikazu, T. Nakamura, Y. Watanabe, K. Handou, Investigation of Air Flow Passing through Louvers, Komatsu Technical Report, 2007.
[20] W. El-Askary, A. Abdel-Fattah, Experimental and Numerical Studies on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Duct Fitted with Inclined Baffles, Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 83(4) (2012) 425-457.
[21] S.P. Chan, Experimental Study on Influence of Core Flow and Boundary Layer Flow Induced by Perturbators and Channel Cross-Sectional Geometry on Heat Transfer Performance in Heat Exchangers, Ph.D. Thesis,National Tsing-Hua University (2017).
[22] I.M. Hsieh, Turbulent Flow Measurement and Thermal Fluid Analysis in a Louvered Two-Pass Square Channel with Different Slat Numbers, Master Thesis, National Tsing-Hua University (2018).
[23] T.M. Liou, Y. Chang, D.W. Hwang, Experimental and computational study of turbulent flows in a channel with two pairs of turbulence promoters in tandem, Journal of Fluids Engineering 112(3) (1990) 302-310.
[24] G. Rau, M. Cakan, D. Moeller, T. Arts, The Effect of Periodic Ribs on the Local Aerodynamic and Heat Transfer Performance of a Straight Cooling Channel, ASME International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, 96-GT-541, 1996.
[25] A.P. Rallabandi, H. Yang, J.C. Han, Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for square channels with 45 deg ribs at high Reynolds numbers, Journal of Heat Transfer 131(7) (2009) 071703.
[26] G. Tanda, Effect of rib spacing on heat transfer and friction in a rectangular channel with 45 angled rib turbulators on one/two walls, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54(5) (2011) 1081-1090.
[27] W. Morris, K.F. Rahmat-Abadi, Convective heat transfer in rotating ribbed tubes, International journal of heat and mass transfer 39(11) (1996) 2253-2266.
[28] W. Morris, R. Salemi, An attempt to experimentally uncouple the effect of Coriolis and buoyancy forces on heat transfer in smooth circular tubes which rotate in the orthogonal mode, ASME paper (9I-CT) (1991) 17.
[29] M. Taslim, H. Liu, A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Roughened Square Channel with 45∘ Ribs, International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2005(1) (2005) 60-66.
[30] L. Wang, B. Sundén, Experimental Investigation of Local Heat Transfer in a Square Duct with Continuous and Truncated Ribs, Experimental Heat Transfer, 18 (2005) 179-197.
[31] S.W. Chang, T.M. Liou, W.C. Juan, Influence of Channel Height on Heat Transfer Augmentation in Rectangular Channels with Two Opposite Rib-Roughened Walls, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48(13) (2005) 2806-2813.
[32] M. Habib, A. Mobarak, M. Sallak, E.A. Hadi, R. Affify, Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow over Baffles of Different Heights, Jounral of Heat Transfer 116(2) (1994) 363-368.
[33] J. Lopez, N. Anand, L. Fletcher, Heat transfer in a three-dimensional channel with baffles, Numerical Heat Transfer 30 (1996) 189-205.
[34] J.J. Hwang, Turbulent Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Porous-Baffled Channel, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 11(3) (1997) 429-436.
[35] K.H. Ko, N. Anand, Use of Porous Baffles to Enhance Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(22) (2003) 4191-4199.
[36] Y.T. Yang, C.Z. Hwang, Calculation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Porous-Baffled Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 46(5) (2003) 771-780.
[37] J.C. Han, J.S. Park, C.K. Lei, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Blade Cooling Channels with Turbulence Promoters, NASA Contractor Report 3837.
[38] J.C. Han, J.S. Park, Developing Heat Transfer in Rectangular Channels with Rib Turbulators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 31(1) (1988) 183-195.
[39] J.C. Han, Y.M. Zhang, C.P. Lee, Augmented Heat Transfer in square Channels with Parallel, Crossed, and V-Shaped Angled Ribs, Jounral of Heat Transfer 113(1) (1991) 590-596.
[40] J.C. Han, Y.M. Zhang, High Performance Heat Transfer Ducts with Parallel Broken and V-Shaped Broken Ribs, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 35(2) 1992 513-523.
[41] C.O. Olsson, B. Sundén, Experimental Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Rib-Roughened Rectangular Channels, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 16(1) (1998) 349-365.
[42] J. Schabacker, A. Bölcs, B.V. Johnson, PIV Investigation of the Flow Characteristics in an Internal Coolant Passage with Two Ducts Connected by a Sharp 180° Bend, ASME Preprint 98-GT-544, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1998.
[43] R. Kiml, S. Mochizuki,A. Murata, Effects of Rib Arrangements on Heat Transfer and Flow Behavior in a Rectangular Rib-Roughened Passage: Application to Cooling of Gas Turbine Blade Trailing Edge, Journal of Heat Transfer, 123(1) (2001) 675-681.
[44] X. Gao, B. Sundén, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Measurements in Rib-Roughened Rectangular Ducts, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 24(1) (2001) 25-34.
[45] L. Al-Hadhrami, J.C. Han, Effect of Rotation on Heat Transfer in Two-Pass Square Channels with Five Different Orientations of 45° Angled Rib Turbulators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(1) (2003) 653-669.
[46] R. Karwa, Experimental Studies of Augmented Heat Transfer and Frictionin Asymmetrically Heated Rectangular Ducts with Ribs on the Heated Wall in Transverse, Inclined, V-Continuous and V-Discrete Pattern, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 30(2) (2003) 241-250.
[47] X. Gao, B. Sundén, PIV Measurement of the Flow in Rectangular Ducts with 60° Parallel, Crossed and V-Shaped Ribs, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 28(1) (2004) 639-653.
[48] T.M. Liou, G.Y. Dai, Pressure and Flow Characteristics in a Rotating Two-Pass Square Duct with 45-Deg Angled Ribs, Journal of Turbomachinery 126(1) (2004) 212-219.
[49] L. Wang, B. Sundén, Experimental Investigation of Local Heat Transfer in a Square Duct with Continuous and Truncated Ribs, Experimental Heat Transfer 18(1) (2005) 179-197.
[50] E. Lee, L.M. Wright, J.C. Han, Heat Transfer in Rotaing Rectangular Channels with V-Shaped and Angled Ribs, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19(1) 2005 48-57.
[51] T.M. Liou, Y.S. Hwang, Y.C. Li, Flowfield and Pressure Measurements in a Rotating Two-Pass Duct with Staggered Rounded Ribs Skewed 45 Degrees to the Flow, Journal of Turbomachinery 128(1) (2006) 340-348.
[52] B. Lu, P.X. Jiang, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Convection Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel with Angled Ribs, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 30(1) (2006) 513-521.
[53] W. Peng, P.X. Jiang, Y.P. Wang, B. Y. Wei, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Convection Heat Transfer in Channels with Different Types of Ribs, Applied Thermal Engineering 31(1) (2011) 2702-2708.
[54] S. Singh, S. Chander, J.S. Saini, Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Correlations of Solar Air Heater Ducts Artificially Roughened with Discrete V-Down Ribs, Energy, 36(1) (2011) 5053-5064.
[55] B.V. Ravi, P. Singh, S.V. Ekkad, Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Two-Pass Ribbed Channels, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 112(1) (2007) 31-43.
[56] T.S. Wang, M.K. Chyu, Heat Convection in a 180-Deg Turning Duct with Different Turn Configurations, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 8(3) (1994) 595-601.
[57] W. Thielicke, E. Stamhuis, PIVlab-Towards User-Friendly, Affordable and Accurate Digital Particle Image Velocimetry in MATLAB, Journal of Open Research Software 2(1) (2014.)
[58] S.W. Chang, T.M. Liou, T.H. Lee, Thermal Performance Comparison between Radially Rotating Ribbed Parallelogram Channels with and without Dimples, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55(13) (2012) 3541-3559.
[59] R.D. Keane, R.J. Adrian, Optimization of Particle Image Velocimeters: II. Multiple Pulsed Systems, Measurement Science and Technology 2(10) (1991) 963.
[60] S.J. Kline, F.A. Mcclintock, Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments, Mechanical Engineering, 75(1) (1953) 3-8.
[61] D. Dynamics, Flow Manager Software and Introduction to PIV Instrumentation. <https://www.dantecdynamics.com/measurement-principles-of-piv>, (2002).
[62] W.C. Chang, Experimental Studies of 180-Deg Sharp Turn Effect on Turbulence Statistics and Thermal-Fluidic Correlations in a Smooth Square Duct, Master Thesis, National Tsing-Hua University (2018).
[63] T.M. Liou, J.C. Tseng, S.P. Chan, I.M. Hsieh, Hydrothermal Characteristics in Two-Pass Square Channels with Core and Wall Directed Louvers, The 11th Pacific Symposium on Flow Visualization and Image Processing, Japan, 2017.
[64] M.E. Taslim, T. Li, D.M. Kercher, Experimental Heat Transfer and Friction in Channels Roughened with Angled, V-Shaped and Discrete Ribs on Two Opposite Walls, ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999, pp. V004T09A018- V004T09A018.
[65] S.V. Ekkad, Y. Huang, J.C. Han, Detailed Heat Transfer Distributions in Two-Pass Square Channels with Ribs Turbulators and Bleed Holes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41(1) (1998) 3781-3791.

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文