摘要

本研究目的在於探討「數獨遊戲活動」對於國中學生「機率樣本空間」之學習成就與學習態度的影響，研究者採用準實驗研究進行成效分析，研究樣本為新竹市某國中二升三年級之兩班學生。
本研究主要發現如下：
（一）在「數獨遊戲活動」的進行後，學生能將遊戲中所深思的數學學習方法，遷移到「機率樣本空間」樹狀圖之呈現，使實驗班學生不但在機率樣本空間之整體總分顯著優於對照班（p＝.007），更在完整列出所有樣本點、減少列出錯誤樣本點、避免列出重複樣本點，與對照班產生顯著差異；
（二）在「數獨遊戲活動」的進行後，實驗班學生在乘法原理、加法原理和乘法與加法的混合原理之了解與表現上，皆有提升，其中，又以加法原理與混合原理達顯著差異，而加法原理的幫助最大；
（三）在「數獨遊戲活動」的進行後，學生在古典機率與條件機率之了解與表現上，亦有顯著的提升，其中，又以古典機率的幫助較大；
（四）學生經過「數獨遊戲活動」的進行後，確實能感受到數獨遊戲所帶來的樂趣與挑戰，並能在數獨遊戲活動課中，產生較期待興奮的心情，並在課堂上入熱烈參與討論。

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influences of playing “Sudoku” on listing the sample points of a sample space, as well as motivating students’ learning attitudes in junior high school. The researcher employed “Quasi-experiment” to explore the difference if they were taught the game. The research was based on grade eight progressing grade nine students from a chosen junior high school in Hsinchu.
The main findings from the research are as follows:
(1) After the “Sudoku” performing, students transported the mathematics methods found from the game to the “Sample Space” by the tree diagrams. The students in experiment were better not only on the whole representation (p＝.007) but also listing the complete points, reducing the error points, and avoiding the repeat points;
(2) After the “Sudoku” performing, the students in experiment had advance on “Multiplication-Principle”, “Addition-Principle”, and “Multiplication and Addition-Principle”, especially on “Addition-Principle”;
(3) After the “Sudoku” performing, the students in experiment had advance on “classical probability” and “conditional probability”, especially on “classical probability”;
(4) After the “Sudoku” performing, the students in experiment had fun and challenge. They were enthusiastic to discuss and felt excited in Sudoku class.

參考文獻

一 中文部份
王振瀛（民70）。談七十年代中等學校數學課程的發展方向。台北，幼獅。
汪東橋（民96）。破解數獨。台北，高寶國際。
香港特別行政區政府教育局（民88）。中學課程綱要數學科。【線上查詢】http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=4905&langno=2。
香港數理教育學會（民88）。數學遊戲。【線上查詢】http://www.edp.ust.hk/previous/math/history/5/5_10/5_10_11.htm。
徐正梅（民76）。基礎數學第四冊。台北，九章。
教育部（民92）。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要。台北，教育部。
教育部（民91）。創造力教育白皮書草。【線上查詢】http://www.creativity.edu.tw/modules/partners/。
張琰（譯者）（民94）。如何解數獨。台北，格林。
趙文敏（譯者）（民68）。大眾機率與統計。台北，徐氏基金會。
鄭肇楨（民70）。智慧遊戲。台北，五洲。
翰林出版（民98）。數學3下教師手冊。台北，翰林。
羅昭強（民97）。教育統計講義SPSS12.0版。未出版。

二 英文部分
Anat Biletzki and Anat Matar（2006）.Ludwig Wittgenstein，
【線上查詢】http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/#Pri
Board of Studies NEW SOUTH WALES.(2003). Mathematics Years 7.10 Syllabus，NSW,Australia：Author.
Batanero, Godino, & Navarro-Pelayo（1997）. Combinatorial Reasoning and its Assessment，University of Granada
Chris Crawford（2003） Chris Crawford on Game Design，
【線上查詢】
http://www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/peabody/game-book/ACGD.pdf
Department for Children，Schools and Families.(2008). Renewing the framework for secondary mathematics，DOM-EN：Author.
Greg Costikyan（1994）. I Have No Words & I Must Design,
【線上查詢】
http:// www.costik.com/nowords.html
Kevin Maroney（2001）.My Entire Waking Life，
【線上查詢】
http://www.thegamesjournal.com/articles/MyEntireWakingLife.shtml
Jane Farish（2004）Math Games For Young Children，
【線上查詢】http://www.raft.net/ideas/Math%20Games%20for%20Young%20Children.pdf
Jane MCGonigal（2003）. Rules of Play，
【線上查詢】
http://avantgame.com/McGonigal_THE-PUPPET-MASTER-PROBLEM_MITpress.pdf
Jason Rhody（2005）. Playing the Interface in Prince of Persia，【線上查詢】
http:// www.digra.org/dl/db/06276.06108.pdf
Jim Whitehead（2007）. Games, Toys, and Play，
【線上查詢】
http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmps080k/Winter07/lectures/games-toys-play.pdf
Konold（2008）. Technology Innovations in Statistics Education，University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Li Jun（2000）. Chinese Students’ Understanding of Probability.
School of Science Nanyang Technological University
Maralyn Lois Polak（2009）Cheap thrills: Baseball in a minor league，
【線上查詢】http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?pageId=42492
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.(2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics.
O'Connor and Robertson（1996）. Mathematical games and recreations，
【線上查詢】
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Mathematical_games.html
Rastislav Lenhardt（2007）.Composite mathematical games，
【線上查詢】
http://www.fmph.uniba.sk/fileadmin/user_upload/editors/studium/svk/2007/INF/lenhardt.pdf
Reston,VA：Author.Grade Band（2000~2004），
【線上查詢】
http://standards.nctm.org/document/appendix/numb.htm
Tucker（unpublished）. Math Games For Teachers，
【線上查詢】http://ezinearticles.com/?Math-Games-For-Teachers&id=2158787