研究生: |
陳宥佃 CHEN,YOU-DIAN |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
華語聲調之聽覺感知與口語產出研究:以希伯來語為母語之兒童學習者為對象 Perceptual and Production Studies of Tones in Mandarin by Young Jewish Learners |
指導教授: | 吳貞慧 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
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論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 100 |
中文關鍵詞: | 華語聲調 、聽覺感知 、口語產出 、兒童華語教學 、以希伯來語為母語 |
外文關鍵詞: | Mandarin tones, auditory perception, oral production, Teaching Children Mandarin as a Second Language, Native Hebrew speaker |
相關次數: | 點閱:3 下載:0 |
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本文旨在探究三位希伯來語為母語的兒童華語學習者,在臺灣華語聲調聽覺感知及口語產出之表現,進而歸納其臺灣華語聲調之發音難點及習得順序。本文之實驗設計分為聽覺感知及口語產出測驗,施測材料共為24個單音節詞,聽覺感知與口語產出測驗之語料樣本數各為144筆;總樣本數共288筆。
研究結果顯示,受試者對於華語聲調的聽覺感知能力,T1表現最好,T2、T3、T4仍處於習得階段, C1的T4、C3的T2以及三位受試者的T3皆未達25%,因此可知受試者在T2、T3、T4的聽辨能力尚未發展完全,聽辨正確率排序有:T1 > T2 > T3 > T4(C1、C2)和T1 > T4 > T2 > T3(C3)兩種;而口語產出測驗之語料,經兩位華語教師聽辨與評分,發現受試者在T2及T3的發音較易相互混淆,口語產出之評分正確率排序為:T1 > T4 > T3 > T2;最後,透過石鋒(1986)的T值公式將口語產出測驗之語料聲調常態化(normalization),發現受試者在聲調的口語產出表現為:(1)T1的調值與調型與臺灣華語相似;(2)T2有起調過高、調域過窄及上升斜率不明顯的現象,發音與T1類似(3)T3多為音高不規則的曲折調(4)T4的起調過低,亦有調域過窄的問題。
綜觀上述,希伯來語為母語之華語兒童學習者在聲調習得的歷程中,首要習得的聲調為T1,而其餘的聲調之習得順序則尚未有一致的排序,呈現受試者之間的個別差異。因此,對於未來的教學建議,可安排學習者在聲調的感知訓練(perceptual training),讓學習者的聲調表現更趨於臺灣華語母語者。
The present study explored the Taiwanese Mandarin tonal perception and production of three young native Hebrew speakers. The experimental design of the study, with 24 monosyllable phrases as the test material, consisted of an auditory perception test and an oral production test, each with a corpus containing 144 samples. The samples totaled 288.
Study results showed that subjects had the best Mandarin tone auditory perception for T1, and that they were still in the acquisition stage in T2, T3, and T4. The perception result revealed that C1 in T4, C3 in T2, and the three test subjects in T3 did not reach 25% precision. This indicated that the test subjects’ listening abilities in T2, T3, and T4 was not completely developed. The listening identification accuracy order was T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 (C1, C2) and T1 > T4 > T2 > T3 (C3). The speech production of three subjects was listened to and scored by two Chinese language teachers. Results showed that the subjects’ pronunciations in T2 and T3 were easily confused by the two raters. The speech production accuracy score order was T1 > T4 > T3 > T2. Finally, Shi Feng’s T-value formula was used to normalize the tones of subjects’ oral production. The performance of subject’s tone production indicated the following: (1) the tone pitch and contour of T1 was similar to Taiwan Mandarin speakers ; (2) The onset pitch of T2 was too high and the pitch range was too narrow. The rate of rise was not steep enough, and it was similar to T1; (3) T3 consisted mostly of irregular and twisting pitch; and (4) The onset pitch for T4 was too low and its pitch range was too narrow.
Consequently, the study indicated that the young native Hebrew speakers learned the T1 first in their tonal acquisition of Mandarin. Regarding the remaining tones, no consistent patterns were observed among the participants. This was attributed to the individual differences of the participants. Therefore, the present study suggests that the additional perceptual training of tones will improve the learners’ command of Mandarin tones.
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